Mila kula anganggit sêrat punika, supados kawontênanipun têtuwuhan tuwin oyod-oyodan ingkang kathah paedahipun, sagêda kasumêrêpan ing akathah, dene ingkang kula wastani têtuwuhan wau kathah ingkang kaanggêp rêrungkudan kemawon, inggih lêrês ngantos sapriki jampi Jawi sampun kangge, ananging kadospundi kanggenipun sarta rekanipun angangge jampi wau, makatên ugi namanipun tanêman ingkang kangge jampi asring kadamêl wados, mila pangupadosipun katêrangan bab jampi-jampi Jawi asring botên sagêd kadugèn, sarta kawruh bab jampi-jampi wau asring ical sarêng ingkang gadhah kawruh wau tilar ing donya, awit kawruhipun dipun damêl wados.

Senin, 05 September 2011

SENNAE FOLIUM 11 - Constipation 2

SENNAE FOLIUM 11 - Constipation 2


Symptoms

  • Infrequent, irregular or incomplete bowel movements
  • Pain or straining during bowel movements
  • Hard, dry stools
  • Excessive gas or bloating
 
In general, we say a person is constipated when he or she is experiencing discomfort as a result of infrequent, irregular or difficult bowel movements. In terms of frequency, what constitutes normal differs greatly from person to person: it may mean as many as 3 bowel movements a day or as few as 3 or 4 bowel movements a week. That is why healthcare providers often rely on a person's report of the uncomfortable effects of constipation — such as bloating, excessive gas, straining and even pain due to hard, dry stools — as the best indicator that he or she is really experiencing constipation.
Constipation is the most common gastrointestinal complaint in the United States. About 4 1/2 million people nationwide say they are constipated most or all of the time. If you are constipated, there are many things you can do to relieve your discomfort, beginning with diet and lifestyle changes, and possibly using an appropriate laxative.
If your constipation lasts for more than a couple of weeks, you should see your doctor to make sure it’s not a sign of something serious.

Why Does It Happen?

  • Travel, or changes in diet or fluid intake
  • Disease, disability, hospital stays
  • Prescription and over-the-counter medications
  • Ignoring signals
    
Given our busy lifestyles, it's not surprising that constipation affects almost everyone at some point in their lives. Fortunately, if we are aware of what tends to cause constipation we can take steps to help prevent it…or at least have a good idea of how to recognize and treat constipation when it occurs.
Often constipation is simply the result of "not enough": not drinking enough fluids, not including enough fiber in our diet, not getting enough exercise. Other times, constipation is the result of just "too much": too much stress from diet changes or travelling here and there.
Many people are unaware that constipation is also associated with many prescription and over-the-counter drugs (View list now.). Surgery, pregnancy or hospital stays are other contributing factors.
Ignoring the urge to move your bowels — perhaps because it’s inconvenient at that particular moment, or you’re not at home — is another common cause of constipation. Children often ignore the urge to go to the bathroom because they are busy playing or in an unfamiliar setting.
What happens when you ignore the signal to go to the toilet? Too much water is absorbed in the colon, and the stool becomes hard and dry, making a bowel movement more difficult. Over time, the nerves tend to stop sending your brain the message "it's time to go" and the bowel becomes constipated. Should this happen, it is important to take steps to relieve your constipation immediately and reestablish more responsive habits.
Of course, if constipation persists for more than 2 weeks, you should see your doctor to make sure it’s not a sign of something more serious.

What Medications Are Associated With Constipation?

  • Many common over-the-counter products
  • Over 150 prescription medicines (View list now)
  • Medications for pain
    
Over 150 prescription and many commonly used over-the-counter medications can disrupt your digestive system. (View list now.) Medications associated with constipation include antacids, antidepressants, opioid containing cough medicines, cold medicines, anti-parkinsons medications, and pain relievers. Some medications used to treat anemia, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and various cardiovascular conditions, can also be associated with constipation.
Sometimes constipation is just a short-term problem that occurs as your body adjusts to a new medication. In other instances — such as when you are taking a prescription medication — constipation is a side effect that usually will not lessen over time.
If you are taking prescription pain medication, you may, with your doctor's recommendation, need to treat your constipation for as long as you are taking the medication. For medication-induced constipation, doctors and pharmacists often recommend a laxative plus stool-softener — such as dual-action Senokot-S® Tablets — to treat both the bowel immobilizing and stool-hardening effects of some medications.

MEDICATIONS THAT CAN CAUSE CONSTIPATION
GENERIC NAME GENERIC NAME
Cholesterol Lowering Agents Iron Supplements
  • Cholestyramine
  • Ferrous gluconate
  • Ferrous sulfate
Antihypertensives Antidepressants/
 Antianxiety
  • Clonidine
  • Clonidine/Chlorthalidone
  • Amitriptyline
  • Doxepin HCI
Opioid-Containing Cough Medicines Duodenal Ulcer
  • Hydrocodone bitartrate, Chlorpheniramine polistirex
  • Hydrocodone tartrate, Homatropine methylbromide
  • Sucralfate
Antiparkinsons Agents
  • Bromocriptine

PAIN MEDICATIONS THAT CAN CAUSE CONSTIPATION
GENERIC NAME
Acetaminophen & codeine
Fentanyl
Hydrocodone
Hydromorphone
Meperidine
Methadone
Morphine sulfate
Oxycodone
Oxymorphone
Propoxyphene
Tramadol

What’s Normal?

  • “Regularity” is not necessarily once a day
  • “Normal” can range from daily to 3 or 4 times a week
  • Common symptoms of constipation
    
In general, we say a person is constipated when he or she are experiencing discomfort as a result of infrequent or difficult bowel movements. In terms of frequency, what constitutes normal differs greatly from person to person: most adults range from one bowel movement a day to three movements per week, but "regular" may mean as many as 3 bowel movements a day or as few as 3 or 4 bowel movements a week. That is why healthcare providers often rely on a person's report of the uncomfortable effects of constipation — such as bloating, excessive gas, straining and even pain due to hard, dry stools — as the best indicator that a person is really experiencing constipation.
How do you know when you are constipated? If you are experiencing one or more of the following signs, you may be constipated:
  • Fewer than 3 bowel movements per week.
  • Hard, dry stools that are difficult and/or painful to pass.
  • Excessive gas or abdominal discomfort.
  • The sensation of a full rectum, even after you have had a bowel movement.
Symptoms such as those listed above suggest constipation, which may be easily treated with changes in lifestyle or diet. When this approach does not work, and your body needs a gentle nudge, occasional use of a natural vegetable laxative ingredient may be helpful. Always speak to your doctor if your symptoms last over two weeks.

Who Gets Constipated?

  • 8 out of 10 people experience constipation at some point in their lives
  • Most common: adults over 65, women and children
   
Constipation can affect anyone, at any age. Four-and-a-half million people say they are constipated most or all of the time, resulting in more than 2 million doctor visits for constipation problems each year. While adults over 65 report having constipation, women and children are more likely to report having problems. Constipation affects almost everyone at some point in their lives.
So you’re an occasional sufferer you’re certainly not alone. And the good news is, no matter what your age or situation, you can do something to help avoid and ease your constipation.

Older People — Older people often don’t get sufficient exercise, drink enough fluids, or maintain a proper diet, and may need to take medications associated with constipation. Combine these factors with the normal tendency of aging to weaken the muscle tone of the large bowel, and occasional constipation is not a surprising result. The risk increases dramatically in people over 65.
New Mothers — Following childbirth, many women experience constipation due to a slowdown of the digestive system and a temporary loss of muscle tone in the abdomen. In addition, discomfort from surgical incisions may require pain medicines which, in turn, can lead to medication-induced constipation.

Pregnant Women — During pregnancy, many women experience constipation as their bodies produce more hormones that slow intestinal movement. In addition, their enlarged womb puts pressure against the bowels, and they often develop hemorrhoids. If you are pregnant or nursing a baby, consult your health professional before using a laxative.

Travelers — No matter what your age or physical condition, business or vacation travel can disrupt your regular eating, sleeping, and normal bowel routines. The search for a toilet in an unfamiliar place can cause you to postpone the urge to go to the bathroom. Diarrhea, which often occurs when you eat or drink in a new location, can quickly change to constipation as your body recovers. When packing for a trip, be sure to take along a proven natural vegetable laxative just in case you develop a temporary problem with constipation.

"Couch Potatoes" — Along with all the other benefits of exercise, add one more: it can help you avoid constipation. Sedentary people are simply more prone to problems with constipation than the physically active. Since exercise is so important, ask your doctor to recommend a fitness routine that suits your needs.

Patients Taking Medications — Constipation may be associated with many prescription and over-the-counter medications. For more information, refer to “What medications may cause constipation?”
Patients Recovering from Surgery — New medications, inadequate physical activity or use of a bedpan are all factors that contribute to constipation after surgery. Your physician may recommend a laxative with or without a stool softener to help you return to regular bowel movements if you are recovering from surgery.


It's not uncommon for children to be bothered by constipation — especially as they go through toilet training. That's why we've included this Guide to Successful Toilet Training on our site.
Ineffective training can cause a child to hold in his or her bowel movements, which sets the stage for constipation and slows toilet training progress as well. Fortunately, the modern, child-oriented techniques described here focus on developing your child's confidence and sense of control, a focus which usually translates into successful toilet training and a useful learning experience for you and your child.






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